Social Teachings of Islam - 1089 Words

Social Teachings of Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religion followed predominantly by those living in the Middle East and northern parts of Africa. The Arabic word â€Å"islam†, or â€Å"surrender† in English, encompasses what all Muslims are expected to do--surrender to Allah and his will. The teachings of Allah through Muhammad are known as the Qur’an. To Muslims, these teachings are a way of life that reaches past being a moral code for the individual and into the social aspects of their society. The Five Pillars of Islam is the basis of every Muslim’s life. The Five Pillars is a set of five practices that every Muslim takes a part in. The first is recognizing that there is no god but Allah. Muslims are also expected to give 2.5% of their total†¦show more content†¦In the case that the lesser jihad leads to holy wars, those who parish are guaranteed a place in Paradise. Although violence is common within the lesser jihad, nonviolence can also be u sed in the struggle against discrimination and injustice. The greater jihad is the struggle within oneself. This inner jihad is striving to live as Allah has commanded. Islam reaches into the economics of a Muslim society. According to the Qur’an, all property belongs to Allah, and human beings are trusted by Allah to protect His property. Muslims are to be just and not take another’s property by unfair means. The Qur’an clearly prohibit the charging of interest or usury: â€Å"Believers, do not live on usury, doubling your wealth many times over.† Muslims are also commanded to not interfere with the property of orphans, unless it is with good intentions and until they reach a mature age. Human beings are created by Allah and are to be treated as such by other human beings. Murder is forbidden, except for just causes. This includes infanticide. Muslims are not to kill their children because they are gifts from Allah. Suicide is also forbidden. The Qurâ₠¬â„¢an states that those who commit suicide will be punished by Allah. Along with these commandments, the Qur’an also prohibits actions such as homosexuality and theft. Anyone who takes part in these is to be punished accordingly. If they repent from their ways, they are to be left alone for Allah is forgiving andShow MoreRelatedSayyid Qutbs Impact on Islam636 Words   |  3 Pages2. Evaluate the impact on Islam of ONE significant person or school of thought. Sayyid Qutb had a seemingly minimal impact throughout his life, but his teachings and ideology have become of significant importance to the Islamic faith. However his views and thoughts of that are somewhat extreme have lead some followers to form organizations which are involved with radical, extreme and â€Å"terrorist† activities. Qutb’s teachings and commentary of Islamic teachings are seen to hold considerable authorityRead MoreThe Basics of Islam1816 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion of Islam is primarily centered on achieving peace and surrendering the self to the will of God or Allah and His Law. Islam began forming into the religion it is today under a prophet named Muhammad who became the final prophet of God, The Seal of the Prophets. Although known as The Seal of Prophets, Muslims believe that he was only a man chosen by Allah, as a messenger and teacher of living for God. Before faced with a mission from God, Muhammad saw his society collapse and social order beingRead MoreSpread of Islam in India1409 Words   |  6 Pagesis embedded in India. Even though the major religion of India is Hinduism, and Islam is in the second place of its minor religion still it has the largest Muslim minority all over the world (World Directory of Minorities- Muslim of India). This statistics clearly depicts the successful expansion and establishment of Islam in early period of India even though India was populated with indigenous religious beliefs. Islam is a monotheistic religion that was spread with bunch of beliefs and faiths afterRead Morechapter 9 documents Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Logan Simon World History AP Chapter 9 documents 11/7/14 Document 9.1 1. What specific prescriptions for social life do these selections contain? Notice in particular those directed toward the weakest members of society. How would you describe the Quran’s view of a good society? These selections contain the idea that society is supposed have people that wish good onto others and speak to others and about others in a kind way. Society is expected to be in constant prayer and also expected to contributeRead MoreThesis: In His Book, No God But God, Reza Aslan Recounts1663 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: In his book, No god but God, Reza Aslan recounts the history and teachings of Islam in order to deconstruct the barriers within interreligious comprehension. Within the Arabian desert rests the town of Mecca which houses the Ka‘ba, the pantheon site where the all the pagan Arab pilgrims converged to worship their tribal deities. Although no one knows who built the square, roofless structure, or when it was set up, the Ka‘ba became the center of the religious life in pre-Islamic Arabia, theRead MoreIslamic Reform Since 9/111184 Words   |  5 Pages The religion of Islam garners large amounts attention. Many believe it is a violent and backwards religion. Since 9/11, Islamic reform has become an all-purpose phrase: equally a western impulse to protect itself from Muslim violence and a humanist notion aimed at assisting voiceless Muslims (Eteraz1). Extreme displays of Islamic faith such as the attacks on the World Trade Center on 9/11 have generated negative stereotypes about Islam as a religion. These stereotypes of violence and backwardsRead MoreSocial, Cultural And Political Features Of The Middle East1140 Words   |  5 Pages Characteristic Social, Cultural and Political Features of the Middle East The term Middle East is used to refer to the region between Afghanistan and the Atlantic Ocean on the east and west respectively. The area generally referred to as the Middle East is made of nineteen countries with a population of 3% of the world’s number (Murphy and Hussein). Although there is a heterogeneous group of people living in these countries there are some characteristics of the region that are unique to the MiddleRead MoreThe Last Days Of Muhammed Atta By Martin Armis Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia began to highlight misconceptions about Muslims and terrorism, giving rise to Anti-Muslim and Anti-Islam sentiments, or Islamophobia. In â€Å"Global Terror and the Rise of Xenophobia/Islamophobia,† Muhammad Saffer Awan (2010) revealed that many reporters, writers, and educators have used the events of 9/11 as an excuse to intensify the hostility towards Muslims and reconstruct the concept of Islam as a backward religion. He gives the example of a short story , â€Å"The Last Days of Muhammed Atta† by MartinRead MoreThe Tangling Of Religion And Politics1399 Words   |  6 Pagesand ideology. However, the split between the two does cause controversial decision making. Using major religions such as Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism to show how faith relates to politics will be demonstrated. Islam has been and still is heavily intertwined within the society and government with no real line separating the two. The Prophet Muhammad started Islam in Mecca, Arabia centuries ago and now it has grown to become the second largest religion dominating the world today. MuslimsRead MoreThree Main Religions in the Continent of Asia907 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral different regions. One of the regions is the Southwest region which includes the countries of Saudi Arabia and Iran. The people of Southwest Asia are primarily one of three religions; Christian, Judaism, or Islam. These religions all have different practices, rituals, and teachings but also have some similarities. Each religion has their own holy book, key cites, worship places, and special religious holidays. In Southwest Asia, your religion is based on your family history, beliefs, customs

The population of humans, on earth, has always been dependant on the availability of resources Free Essays

The population of humans, on earth, has always been dependant on the availability of resources. We are not in equilibrium with the ecosystems and once these resources run out, so will our time on earth. These models try to explain how long we have left, and why this is the case. We will write a custom essay sample on The population of humans, on earth, has always been dependant on the availability of resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main reason that these models are only valuable for explaining the ‘past’, and not predicting the ‘future’ is that there are to many variables, such as war and famine, that they do not take into account. The models all show a pattern that keeps repeating, in the case of Malthus, the population is limited by ‘food supply’. But this isn’t always the case, as explained by Esther Boserup’s model, which explains that ‘nature is the mother of invention’. This means that the population increases, and may exceed the food supply, but then inventions and technological advances create ways to accommodate this problem. The ‘Club of Rome’ model, which explains Malthusian principles, also takes into consideration resources, such as water. This model illustrates that the population will increase and the amount of resources will decrease. Population will exceed the resources and continue to increase for some time, and then it will decrease very dramatically. Read this Ch. 22 Respiratory System Unfortunately, these models cannot predict extreme circumstances, such as war and famine. These events play a huge part in population growth, as did the events of World War II, after which there was a large ‘baby-boom’ and the population of UK increased dramatically. War can also alter population the other way. A country’s population could also decrease due to war, by refugees moving out, and also the loss inhabitants in combat. Famine also causes emigration to other, more prosperous countries, but also leads to a decrease in population due to death rates increasing. These type of events are impossible to predict, but still play a huge part in the way population stands against the resources available. The development of LEDCs has also not been taken into account by Malthus’ and Club of Rome’s models. Boserup, on the other hand, for foresaw these actions, to an extent as she explained that when the population starts overwhelming the natural resources, we find methods to revert the situation (i.e. development). With LEDCs developing populations will stop increasing so dramatically which will release the strain on our resources. With the introduction of contraception to LEDCs, the birth rates are starting to decrease, and this means that there will be less people requiring the valuable resources, such as water. Malthus and Club of Rome also missed the concept of rapid development. For example, the Industrial Revolution in the 17th and 18th century, had a huge impact on the amount of resources available, which is yet another example of Boserup’s theory being closer to the truth than the others’. The UK had problems with the amount of resources at their disposal so they found a way to obtain more in the form of technical advances and inventions. This was not the only revolution that disrupted the theories of Malthus and Club of Rome, though. The agricultural revolution in 1798, created a surplus of food available to the population and therefore, the resources was not limited to the countries inhabitants, another example of Boserup’s theory. The introduction of renewable energy, such as HEP, has also thrown Malthus’ model, as well as Club of Rome’s because it has created a resource that will not run out. This is another indicator that Boserup had the right idea that humans will think of a solution every time that resource-levels become low. All in all, both Malthus’ and Club of Rome’s models were much better at explaining the past than predicting the future as they do not take into account so many variables. Boserup’s model, although not perfect, is a more accurate prediction of what is yet to come, as her theory that ‘nature is the mother of invention’, is true, to some extent, when humans are concerned. Her model takes into account the fact that people change when their lives are under too much pressure. LEDCs are starting to develop due to the realization that if they don’t, they will have serious problems. How to cite The population of humans, on earth, has always been dependant on the availability of resources, Papers

Calvinism And Religious Wars Essay Example For Students

Calvinism And Religious Wars Essay This book is about pretty much the beginning of Calvinism and how it played amajor role in the reforming of mid to late fifteenth century Europe. FranklinCharles Palm tries to exam the role in which John Calvin used his love for thesacred scriptures and religion to reform the way he lived, and the rest of theworld. Concentrating mostly on Europe at that time period. Palm breaks down thelife of Calvin at first, and then as he proceeds through this book he leads upto actual formation of the religion. And ultimately then how this newly formedreligion affected or may off even caused some of the religious war. Iunfortunately could not find any info on Franklin Charles Palm, though I evenhad one the librarians look for me to. I feel that Franklin Charles Palm wasreally not trying to answer any certain question while he was attempting towrite this informative novel at all. In fact I think that his true purpose forwriting this was to give an accurate account of what role Calvinism played int hat time period, because from what I can understand he did not feel that therewas enough information readily available. His work in my own opinion is veryrelevant to the study of history, and he has added another great resource to thereference area for history in any library. I feel that his work does not offerany resonably new information for students to learn, but it may present aneasier way of learning for those who are tired of reading the same old referencebooks. This book does though coincide with most of the notes that we have takenduring class periods. This helps out greatly when writing papers and reviews foressays and reports. Palm starts the novel out by explaining the early the earlylife of John Calvin and explains his life with his family. It talks about hisfather Gerad Calvin and his working as the secretary for the bishop of Nylon andas the fiscal agent for his district in England. It states how this made itpossible for Calvin to meet some very influential people in h is early life andmade it possible for him to start to develop ideas about religion and otherpolitical views early on in life. When Calvin was at the age of entering collegeit made it hard for him to do so with the death of his father, and his motherhaving to support six children in the family. His father was able to set asidesome money before he passed on for Calvin which in turn allowed him to attendthe College at Montiaigu, at Paris for four years. This is where John developeda love for the bible and a tremendous understanding for the scriptures, whichwould in turn play a major role in his ideas for changing and for his reformingof the Catholic Church. After discussing Calvins early life Palm went on totalk about the Roman Catholic Church and how they developed a keen sense ofhated for Calvin. It stated what they were going to do with his writings and howthey were going to go about dealing with him. Which evidently lead to Calvinsexile from the country. Some of Calvins works, cite d the problems that prettymuch most of the reformers saw wrong with the church. Such as, the sale ofindulgences which Luther and Erasmus displayed ever so prominently in theirattempts for reform. Gradually the book moves on to the more important issues ofthe book. Certain things like the Religious wars. Also it talks about thingslike his oppositions and the struggles he faced with Greut, Servetus, and histriumph over all of them. It shows the certain economic importance this newreligion played in France at the time and the political and intellectualimportance of the new religion of Calvinism. When the religious wars broke outin France and Francis the 1st proclaimed his development of absolutism it showshow Calvinism was one of the major elements opposed to it. Once that Calvinismwas starting to take hold it displayed the spread of it throughout most ofEastern Europe. Like when it started in Italy and Spain, and began to work itsway through Western Germany. Once the religion hit thos e sections it began itsspread throughout the vast regions of Western Europe too. Last but not least itexplains The Spread of Calvinism into the new world with the Huguenots, thePilgrims, and the Puritans. If there was any case that Franklin Charles Palm wastrying to prove in this book; it was the fact that Calvinism was an importantpart in the reform of the way people would eventually go about their religions. .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 , .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 .postImageUrl , .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 , .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32:hover , .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32:visited , .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32:active { border:0!important; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32:active , .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32 .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u183e2fa89deb83188f5c03889d5e0c32:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Paths of Yoga Essay We will write a custom essay on Calvinism And Religious Wars specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Also providing us a look into the future at the reform of the Roman CatholicChurch. In my opinion he did not really display a major argument with anythingthing in the text, but it was more or less an informative piece based aboutCalvinism. If in deed you go with that argument then I guess you could say thathe indeed did provide excellent information and plenty of back round informationto prove his point. I was convinced buy his argument because of the fact that Iknew only what I had learned through out my studies in school and that this wasreally the first time someone went into any kind of in depth study of thesituation. So in a way I was over whelmed with the amount off info and theresources he used to discuss it. His resources included some valuable works ofhistory; like the Encyclopedia Britanica. It was quite confusing when I firstread the bibliography. He mentions that for a good basis on writing something onthis topic you should begin with certain books that he started off wit h. Hestates that there was few books written on this topic and it may be tough forsomeone without the knowledge of the subject to even begin to write on thesessituations. Now for the part I have been waiting for, the time I get to give myopinion of the book. Well let me start of by saying that I personally thoughtthat it was going to be a very boring book but I was indeed surprised afterreading it. I have always thought to consider myself a sort off history buff soI can see why in turn did enjoy learning about Calvins subject matter. I amquite able to say now that I would probably consider reading other works ofFranklin Charles Palm or just books on some of the same subject matter. I wouldrecommend this book to anyone who has an interest for these subjects, or justplan flat out needs to do a report on this topic. BibliographyTitle ? Calvinism and the Religious Wars Place of Publication ? New York,1971 Publisher ? Howard Fertig, Inc.

Native Land Claim in Canada

Table of Contents Introduction Historical basis of land claim in Canada Proposed solutions Nature of conflict Application of post colonial concepts Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Land is an essential part of life among all indigenous people (Simons et al., 77). It encompasses the entire use of territory including forests, rivers, mountains, water bodies among other natural resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Native Land Claim in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The unique relationship that exists between the indigenous people and the land often makes their rights to land vital for their survival, cultural values and identity (Simons et al., 77). Consequently, colonization of indigenous territories affected the aboriginal people with most of the colonizers gaining ownership of their land which rendered them landless forcing them to lead nomadic lifestyles. The late 1960s marked the beginning of the modern era of law and policy pertaining to aboriginal rights and titles in Canada. In 1969, the white paper addressing Indian Policy was published (Canadian Encyclopaedia 1). This paper proposed the repeal of Indian act and the demolishing of department of Indian affairs. The white paper further outlined that any unique rights possessed by aboriginal people had been submerged in the flow of history hence making such rights irrelevant. The white paper propositions were out rightly rejected by the native Indians, Inuit and Metis and this led to the suspension of the white paper implementation two years later. Following the resistance of the natives to the new regulations, the government of Canada embarked on vigorous reconsideration of the legal, political, and cultural aspects that governed the lives of Indians, Inuit and Metis. This significantly contributed to the definition and protection of the rights of aboriginal people in Canada. The country took various positive steps towards achievement of greater native control of policies and resources. Currently, land claims are adequately dealt with where the rights of the aboriginals are upheld (Canadian Encyclopaedia 1). The process for land claims in Canada is relatively slow with hundreds of claims still pending. Negotiations often incorporate provincial and territorial governments and other third parties who aim at resolving the conflict arising between the two social groups. Negotiation process is formally based on legal concepts with issues of contention ranging from land titles to aboriginal rights.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The process aims at promoting social and economic equality in the modern Canada in addition to solving the social conflict of resources. The settlement often takes the form of cash compensation, return of ancestral lands or rights to self governments (Canadian Encyclopaed ia 1). Historical basis of land claim in Canada Under the Royal Proclamation of 1763, an unspecified track of land currently referred to as Canada was allocated for use to the aboriginal people- Indians, Inuit and Metis. The proclamation forbade unauthorized purchase and possession of the same land by non native settlers and foreigners (Canadian Encyclopaedia 1). However, immigration by other people into the region led to establishment of treaties with some of the Indigenous people which legitimized settlement and ownership of the land by immigrants and colonizers. The countries gradual occupation by foreigners has continued for over four centuries making the indigenous occupants of the land to be the minority groups in the country. This has led to marginalization of the aboriginal people which has posed a threat to their culture as well as their existence. Possession of land by foreigners was facilitated by native people voluntarily giving up their rights of possession to immigrant s, native’s loss of control of the reserve lands, and lack of request for allocation of the reserves by the natives (Canadian Encyclopaedia 1). The native people, most of who lead nomadic lifestyles have found themselves isolated to reserve regions with minimum access to resources that the foreigners enjoy. This has negatively impacted on the natives’ perception of themselves with the experience of being overrun by industrial growth, cities, and agriculture being substantially overwhelming. This has particularly impacted on those Mà ©tis, Indians, and Inuit who never signed the accords. Displaced and marginalized natives have increased their resistance against these forces which has led to the need for reforms in the country’s resource allocation strategies and the need to resolve the land claims. In response to the resulting marginalization, the native people sought to maintain their identity through aboriginal rights and native claims movements. These movemen ts became prominent in the 60s due to various reasons. The movements were highly influenced by increasing world wide concerns regarding the rights of minority groups across the world as well as environmental concerns (Canadian Encyclopaedia 1). Concerns also arose among the native people regarding the imposed education system which threatened to erode the native language and culture and served to alienate young native people. The system further influenced the perception of the natives on white man’s political and legal regime by justifying it. These concerns led to the native resistance movements in Canada.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Native Land Claim in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proposed solutions As early as 1876, the Canadian federal government established the Indian Act which created the department for of native affairs whose main aim was to ensure that the obligations signed in the treaty were adhered to (Planeswalker 1). The formulation of the White paper in 1968 which was aimed at getting rid of the Indian Act and other land treaties was thus met with a lot of criticisms with the aboriginal people responding in 1970 through the Red Paper (Planeswalker 1). This conflict led to increased need for the government to respond to the needs of aboriginal people. Due to constant opposition by the aboriginal people to any government strategies aimed at promoting the rights and freedom of the settlers, a provision was created which entrenched treaty rights to in the Canadian Charter of Rights and freedoms (Planeswalker 1). Consequently, numerous land claims continue to be filed particularly in British Columbia as well as the North West Territories. Most recently, the country has taken positive steps towards greater native control of policies and resources evidenced by the establishment of Statement of Claims of Indian and Inuit people in 1973 and the office of the Nat ive claims in 1974 where tribal claims are dealt with (Waldman 259). In the early 1970s, the Canadian federal government sought to elevate the social status of native Canadians through formulation of a new policy that aimed at settling the native land claims and promoting their livelihood (Canadian Encyclopaedia 1). This policy outlined the Canadian government’s commitment to the fulfilment of the terms of the treaties and to negotiate settlements with native groups. Implementation of the policy required a lot of cooperation between federal, provincial and territorial governments and the native leaders. In 1974, Canadian government established the office of Native Claims which under the leadership of deputy minister, lawyers and researchers dealt with both comprehensive and specific land claims brought forward by the natives (Waldman 259). Specific claims dealt with troubles and complications arising from the running of the Indian accord, Indian finances among others. The aut horities sought to reach a settlement through active negotiation, administrative remedy, or court action which often led to land compensation.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, comprehensive claims aimed at resolving the conflict emanating from the traditional use and occupancy of land by the three aboriginal groups’ members who failed to sign the treaties but had continued to occupy the land for years. These claims were compensated in monetary terms, return of land, provision of specific rights and some form of local government. These solutions promoted wealth redistribution and promotion of equality among the two social groups. Nature of conflict The conflict arising from native land claim is a representation of social conflict emanating from unequal distribution of resources. Land acquisition by foreigners provides an opportunity for foreigners to enrich themselves while denying the native people a chance to utilize land resources for the advancement of their own socio economic goals. This serves to heighten the social gap between the native and foreigners which often results in a feeling of oppression among the native people. As proposed by Karl Marx, the most dominant conflict in society results from unequal distribution of material resources with those in power using these resources to exploit the poor. The decentralized nature of the Canadian government further serves to complicate the conflict resolution process due to the presence of complex bureaucratic procedures in settlement processes. The negotiation process has been continuing for a period of over two decades with the system having to adjust to national and international changes in communications, economy, value systems and politics. The economically unstable and politically volatile environment serves to further intensify the tension between the natives and foreigners. The dynamic nature of society has considerably slowed down the land claim process and numerous unresolved land claims remain pending. Application of post colonial concepts Colonialism brought with it the marginalization of ethnic people which led to resistance against this domi nation through many forms of active and passive resistance (Young 4). Resistance movements led to the winning of independence from colonial rule and balance of power in most regions. Independence further led to shifts towards formal empires which in turn required additional labour which was fulfilled through immigration. Immigration led to a blurred division between West and the rest of the ethnic groups but the power within these regions remained fully oriented towards self governance. The experience of land dispossession and landlessness was facilitated by the settler colonialism and it is historically the most difficult form conflict to resolve in most regions (Young 49). The struggle for native title has been a major concern especially for native settlers in Canada which has resulted in vigorous movements and campaigns for basic land rights embodied in the original declaration. The fight for land repossession is therefore a post colonial struggle which deals with the aftermath o f one of the most controversial yet a key feature of colonial power. Varying techniques been used in attempt to resolve the ongoing conflict in the post colonial period some of which are outlined below. Post colonialism entails the notion that nationalities of the three non western continents are often in a situation for subordination to Europe and North America hence promoting economic inequality (Young 4). It consists of the reactions, extensive analysis and the cultural context of colonialism and incorporates theories borrowed from philosophy, political science, sociology, and religion among other areas of studies. The native people in Canada lost ownership of land due to their nomadic lifestyles which led to the declaration of that land as ‘empty’ by the Europeans. Scholars have argued that the idea of nomadism can be extended to include all forms of cultural and political activity that transgress the boundaries of contemporary social codes (Young 53). This can be e xplained by the fact that nomads move across territories consequently operating as lateral resistance across borders in an attempt to defy the hegemonic control. Hence, the indigenous settlers of Canada may use nomadism strategy to secure the native lands. Some scholars have suggested that the process of land confiscation and appropriation from those who formally owned it can only be achieved through the concepts of territorialization, deterritorialization or reterritorialization (Young 52). Deterritorialization may take the form of three distinct typologies which include negative deterritorialization; the element of deterritorialization is subjected to some form of retteritorialization which in turn obstructs the line of flight (Swearingen 161) In the second type, deterritorialization is positive but fails to connect with other lines of flight while the third type, deterritorialization is presented in its absolute form enhances its ability to connect with the lines of flight leadin g to creation of new territories (Swearingen 161). Reterritorialization refers to the violent approach of colonial and imperial propagation of economic, cultural, and social transformation. It refers to the varying forms of reconnection of a deterritorialized element in line with other assemblage. Resistance to deterritorialization through land claim movements would enhance the native land claim process (Young 52). In addition, the government may natives may engage in combinative negotiation with the state which involves repurchase of land which was appropriated to the white settlers during their settlement in respective colonies in the 19th century and which are currently being abandoned as virtually worthless due to reduced productivity. The land can then be apportioned back to the native settlers in a bid to settle the land claims. Conclusion The history of Canada has been characterized by numerous attempts by the native settlers to reclaim their land. According to the land claim s, the land which was originally possessed by the aboriginal people under the Royal proclamation was acquired by immigrants and colonialist consequently marginalizing and rendering the natives landless. The government have sought to settle these claims through treaties most of which have proven unsuccessful in the past, monetary compensation, return of land, provision of certain rights among other strategies. However, most of the native land claims remain unresolved with the negotiation process often resulting in futile outcomes. Failure to resolve the ongoing conflict has resulted to increased attention not only from national and international bodies, but also from scholars and researchers who suggest that the land claims can be resolved through application of post colonial concepts such as reterritorialization and deterritorialization, nomadism, and combinative negotiation. Deterritorialization refers to a process that alters a set of relations consequently resulting in higher lev els of actualization. In cultural context, the concept has been used to refer to removal of people from certain locations due to continuous weakening of their culture and status. Since deterritorialization is often followed by reterritorialization, it can be used to resolve the persistent land claims in Canada. Works Cited Canadian encyclopaedia. â€Å"Land claims.† Historica Dominion, 2011. Web. Planeswalker, Mishra. The evolution of aboriginal land claims and treaties in Canada, Helium Inc, 2010. Web. Simons, Robert. Malmgren, Rachael Small Garrick. Indigenous peoples and real estate valuation, NY: Springer, 2008. Swearingen, James. Extreme beauty: aesthetics, politics, and death, NY: Continuum International Publishing group, 2002. Waldman, Carl. Atlas of North American Indian. New York: InfoBase Publishing, 2007. Young, Robert. Post colonialism: a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. This essay on Native Land Claim in Canada was written and submitted by user Britney Jarvis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mexican-American War - Aftermath

Mexican-American War - Aftermath Previous Page | Contents Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo In 1847, with the conflict still raging, Secretary of State James Buchanan suggested that President James K. Polk send an emissary to Mexico to assist in bringing the war to a close. Agreeing, Polk chose Chief Clerk of the State Department Nicholas Trist and dispatched him south to join General Winfield Scotts army near Veracruz. Initially disliked by Scott, who resented Trists presence, the emissary soon earned the generals trust and the two became close friends. With the army driving inland towards Mexico City and the enemy in retreat, Trist received orders from Washington, DC to negotiate for the acquisition of California and New Mexico to the 32nd Parallel as well as Baja California. Following Scotts capture of Mexico City in September 1847, the Mexicans appointed three commissioners, Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, to meet with Trist to discuss peace terms. Commencing talks, Trists situation was complicated in October when he was recalled by Polk who was unhappy with the representatives  inability to conclude a treaty earlier. Believing that the president did not fully understand the situation in Mexico, Trist elected to ignore the recall order and wrote a 65-page response to Polk outlining his reasons for doing so. Continuing to meet with the Mexican delegation, final terms were agreed to in early 1848. The war officially ended on February 2, 1848, with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty ceded to the United States the land that now comprises the states of California, Utah, and Nevada, as well as parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Colorado. In exchange for this land, the United States paid Mexico $15,000,000, less than half the amount offered by Washington prior to the conflict. Mexico also forfeited all rights to Texas and the border was permanently established at the Rio Grande. Trist also agreed that the United States would assume $3.25 million in debt owed by the Mexican government to American citizens as well as would work to curtail Apache and Comanche raids into northern Mexico. In an effort to avoid later conflicts, the treaty also stipulated that future disagreements between the two countries would be settled through compulsory arbitration. Sent north, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was delivered to the US Senate for ratification.   After extensive debate and some alterations, the Senate approved it on March 10.   In the course of the debate, an attempt to insert the Wilmot Proviso, which would have banned slavery in the newly-acquired territories, failed 38-15 along sectional lines.   The treaty received ratification from the Mexican government on May 19.   With Mexican acceptance of the treaty, American troops began departing the country. The American victory confirmed most citizens’ belief in Manifest Destiny and the nation’s expansion westward. In 1854, the United States concluded the Gadsden Purchase which added territory in Arizona and New Mexico and reconciled several border issues that had arisen from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Casualties Like most wars in the 19th century, more soldiers died from disease than from wounds received in battle. In the course of the war, 1,773 Americans were killed in action as opposed to 13,271 dead from sickness. A total of 4,152 were wounded in the conflict. Mexican casualty reports are incomplete, but it estimated that approximately 25,000 were killed or wounded between 1846-1848. Legacy of the War The Mexican War in many ways may be directly connected to the Civil War. Arguments over the expansion of slavery into the newly acquired lands further heightened sectional tensions and forced new states to be added through compromise. In addition, the battlefields of Mexico served as a practical learning ground for those officers who would play prominent roles in the upcoming conflict. Leaders such as Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Braxton Bragg, Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson, George McClellan, Ambrose Burnside, George G. Meade, and James Longstreet all saw service with either Taylor or Scott’s armies. The experiences these leaders gained in Mexico helped to shape their decisions in the Civil War. Previous Page | Contents

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Report - Essay Example also proposed 11 key proposals for new reporting models for businesses including the development and implementation of balanced scorecard and other important strategic alternatives. More recent debates on the changes in the financial reporting standards focus on the need to address the non-financial aspects of the business reporting. (Tayyebi, 2008). Thus this new monograph was also focused on the development of new reporting models for businesses which can address the forward looking information regarding the businesses and their viability. Corporate social responsibility standards as well as the reporting on intangibles were some of the themes which emerged in the new efforts made to revamp the accounting reporting standards. The current economic situation however, has relatively changed the way business is being done in the world. There emerged different themes which need to be addressed and integrated in order to make the monograph more pertinent to the current business environment. This paper will therefore provide follow up on this monograph and discuss as to what could be done about the current issues. New Reporting Models for Business was an effort to propose an alternative view on the way businesses use to report their overall affairs to the shareholders. The main aim of financial reporting is always to allow the shareholders to make sound judgment based on information provided in the financial statements of the business. What is however, significant to note that after the issuance of this monograph, new developments took place and world economy started to slide into decline. Old models of doing business almost failed to provide the results and as such the emphasis shifted on the need for having better and more comprehensive financial reporting standards which can help the shareholders and regulators to keep a check on the future viability of the businesses. What is critical about this monograph is the fact that it emphasized on the need for adapting

E-Learning in Pharmaceutical Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-Learning in Pharmaceutical Industry - Essay Example There are three major forms of e-learning, which include computer-based learning, internet-based learning, and virtual learning environments. In this paper, we will discuss the role of virtual learning environments in enhancing pharmaceutical students’ knowledge. A slight overview of the effectiveness of web-based learning will also be included in the paper. In the present world, online learning is getting more and more famous because it is proving very beneficial for the students. "E-learning with its more active and interesting opportunities is gradually replacing the traditional form of teaching† (Roy). It not only helps pharmaceutical students manage their study schedule in accordance with other commitments of life but also provides a good overview of the market, which they need to serve. â€Å"E-learning is one way of helping to change the sales force’s perception of the market† (â€Å"E-Learning†). The pharmaceutical industry of any specific co untry has a well-established practice of providing effective training to the pharmaceutical students, medical representatives, and pharmacists. However, trainers related to this field cannot provide regular attention to every sales person properly in the field. â€Å"Much more personal support can be provided with a well structured e-learning programme as long as there is an effective tracking system in place† (â€Å"E-Learning†). Distinguishing Features of Online Learning Environment â€Å"E-learning is undoubtedly a more flexible way of learning† (Roy). Online learning environments provide an interactive way of learning to the students in which teachers and students can interact with each other without physical presence. Online quizzes, assignments, and threaded discussion boards are some of those features, which distinguish online learning environments from traditional learning environments. Discussion boards not only enable communication between students and teachers but also provide a way to the students to interact with other students enrolled in the course. Some online institutes make use of graded discussion boards to measure knowledge of the students. In graded discussion boards, teachers ask the students to write short paragraphs on the topics provided by them. Students need to have awareness of the ways to use internet and other modes of communication not only to participate properly in general and graded discussion boards but also to complete their quizzes and assignments within time. Ways to be Successful in Online Learning Environments â€Å"Although the online education is a popular option among the students, not all students suit the education style in online setting† (Harvard). The reason is that some students do not know the basics of learning in such environments. Some students do not have the required skills whereas some students do not have proper facilities to study in such environments. To be successful in onl ine learning environments, students need to possess some key skills and abilities. There exist a number of strategies for the students to do well in online learning environments. Some of the main techniques include development of proper study schedule, written communication skills, and web navigation skills. All of these skills play a very important role in making students adapted to the online learning environments. Let us discuss these skills in some detail in order to know how these skills can help students of pharmacy learn